•According to a report published on the site, the pre-historic period of Native Americans dates back decades, and research suggests that prehistoric humans have been in the Americas for much longer than most scholars believe. On Indigenous Peoples Day, seven regions in the United States stand out for their stories of Native Americans. 1. Chaco Canyon (New Mexico) This settlement, which was established many years ago, may have been named after the Spanish word for “Native” in the region, and was the center of the Old Pueblo people between approximately A.D. 850 and 1250. At its heart is Pueblo Bonito (“Beautiful Village”), a four-story stone structure with more than 600 rooms and 35 underground ceremonial chambers called kivas. Experts estimate that the builders of these complex structures transported more than 200,000 wooden beams from distant mountains; the beams were used to reinforce buildings made of blocks of sandstone. The town was once at the center of trade routes stretching more than 400 miles (640 kilometers), and excavations of imported Mexican parrots and cacao confirm that it traded with distant regions. 2. Cahokia (Illinois) Cahokia was the largest Native American settlement in Mexico, and in A.D. 1100 it housed 40,000 people — comparable in size to large cities in the Middle Ages in Europe. Strobel, a historian and Native American historian at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, told Live Science: “It’s an incredibly important site.”
5. Walnut Canyon (Arizona)
Walnut Canyon was the largest Native American settlement site around Estero Bay. For long periods, two small islands were formed by mangroves, but over the centuries, feasts on shellfish built up two mounds covered with vegetation. In some places, the mounds rise more than 30 feet (9 meters) above the water; they are now so large that they are divided in two only when the water is high.
Before Europeans arrived in the 16th century, this shelled island was called Calos and was transformed into a living maritime city by the people who lived there. Mound Key itself is estimated to consist of several million shells, most of them oysters.
6. Sitka (Alaska)
Sitka National Historical Park preserves the battlefield of the 1804 Battle of Sitka, the last major armed conflict between Europeans and the people of Alaska. At the time, Russia claimed Alaska (it sold it to the United States in 1867). The conflict began in 1802 when Russian traders built a fort in Sitka, entering the tribal lands, but the Tlingit warriors destroyed the enemy fort and drove the Russians out. They rebuilt it to withstand the expected Russian attack, but when it was bombed by Russian ships in 1804, they were forced to abandon it. The dispute was not resolved until the United States purchased Alaska, which was not fully resolved until then.
7. Fort Stanwix (New York)
Fort Stanwix, built in 1758, was the first permanent European settlement in the Mohawk Valley. It was built by the British to protect the area from the French and the Iroquois, who were allied with the French. The fort was built on the site of a Mohawk village, and the Iroquois attacked it in 1758, but the British were able to defend it. The fort was abandoned in 1763, after the British defeated the French in the Seven Years’ War. The fort was abandoned in 1763, after the British defeated the French in the Seven Years’ War.
This area preserves cliff dwellings built by the Kuzay Sinagua people between A.D. 1125 and 1250. People can reach the site by walking along a deep sandstone and sand dune canyon, located about 10 miles southeast of Flagstaff. The cliff dwellings were built in natural caves within the sandstone; this provided them with insulation from cold and heat, and their high locations on the canyon floor served as defense.
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